Some HL treatments may weaken or damage the heart and lungs. The healthcare team may decide to test how well these organs work before treatment, in order to plan appropriate treatment. Some cancer treatments can harm an unborn baby, so a pregnancy test may be required for women of reproductive age before they can start certain treatments.
Treatment options may depend on the results. Some patients who have been diagnosed with HL may need to undergo a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.
These tests are not typically used to diagnose HL, but they may be done after diagnosis to see if there are lymphoma cells in the bone marrow. The doctor will decide if these procedures are necessary. Also, the need for a bone marrow biopsy may be eliminated by the use of a PET scan to assess the disease. Patient Evaluation Your doctor will take a comprehensive medical history and ask questions regarding your symptoms. The lymph node biopsy's purpose is to confirm a diagnosis and Identify your Hodgkin lymphoma subtype Develop a treatment plan It is important that a specialist with experience in diagnosing HL analyzes the biopsy tissue.
Immunophenotyping This laboratory test can detect specific cancer cells based on the types of antigens or proteins on the surface of the cells.
Staging Tests Once your hematologist-oncologist confirms a Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis, he or she orders more tests to stage your disease. Staging tests include: Imaging tests Blood tests Bone marrow tests Some of these tests may be repeated, both during and after therapy, to measure the response to treatment. Imaging Tests Imaging tests help the doctor evaluate: The location and distribution of enlarged lymph nodes Whether organs other than lymph nodes are involved Whether there are very large masses of tumors in one site or another Imaging tests may include: Chest X-ray CT computed tomography scan of the neck, chest, pelvis and abdomen stomach area PET-CT scan positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan, a combination PET and CT scan, of the enitre body with a radioactive tracer This is also referred to as a "FDG-PET scan" fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG] positron emission tomography [PET].
This test measures the number of blood cells in a sample, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Health professionals also add the letters "A" or "B" to your stage, to indicate whether or not you have certain symptoms. Read about dealing with cancer and your emotions. Page last reviewed: 20 September Next review due: 20 September If necessary, your GP will refer you to hospital for further tests.
Biopsy A biopsy involves removing some or all of an affected lymph node, which is then studied in a laboratory. Further testing If a biopsy confirms a diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma, further testing will be needed to check how far the lymphoma has spread.
Katz says. And in up to 10 percent of cases, some change in diagnosis is made. Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas start in B cells, infection-fighting cells that make antibodies. This category includes follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma among others. Less frequently, non-Hodgkin lymphoma starts in T cells a white blood cell produced by the thymus gland that assists with immune response , such as with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
A doctor may recommend a bone-marrow biopsy, in which a sample of bone marrow is extracted using a needle inserted into the pelvic hip bone.
This commonly occurs if the lymph node biopsy is positive for a lymphoma to determine whether lymphoma has spread to your bone marrow. A bone-marrow biopsy may be requested if there are no enlarged lymph nodes, but the patient has a high white blood count or low platelets or red blood cells, which are made in the bone marrow. Katz says, "but it may take up to a week in some cases, where additional markers need to be checked or additional thought and conversations with other experts at Yale is necessary to ensure an accurate diagnosis.
Some lymphomas, called indolent, can be slow to develop and grow, and may require no immediate treatment. Whether a patient needs treatment right away or can proceed under surveillance depends on multiple factors, including the stage and severity of the lymphoma.
We care very deeply about making sure that each and every patient receives the most accurate and expeditious diagnosis possible to ensure they receive the best treatment for them.
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