Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts. Women may find out they have HPV when they get an abnormal Pap test result during cervical cancer screening. In that same year, there were 13 million new infections. Genital warts: Before HPV vaccines were introduced, roughly , to , women and men were affected by genital warts caused by HPV every year. Cervical cancer: Every year, nearly 12, women living in the U. There are other conditions and cancers caused by HPV that occur in people living in the United States.
Every year, approximately 19, women and 12, men are affected by cancers caused by HPV. This could be an underestimate of the actual number of people who get genital warts. If you are pregnant and have HPV, you can get genital warts or develop abnormal cell changes on your cervix.
Abnormal cell changes can be found with routine cervical cancer screening. You should get routine cervical cancer screening even when you are pregnant. There is no treatment for the virus itself. However, there are treatments for the health problems that HPV can cause:. Cervical Cancer Screening. Box Rockville, MD E-mail: npin-info cdc. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.
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Is there a link between sex and cervical cancer? Cervical cancer screening guidelines. What can you do to lower your risk of cervical cancer? The bottom line. How Common Is Cervical Cancer? Is Cervical Cancer Hereditary?
Cervical Cancer Treatments. Read this next. Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph. Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.
Medically reviewed by Carolyn Kay, M. Medically reviewed by Yamini Ranchod, Ph. However, it is still important to know about risk factors that cannot be changed, because it's even more important for women who have these factors to get regular screening tests to find cervical cancer early. Infection by the human papillomavirus HPV is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer.
HPV is a group of more than related viruses. Some of them cause a type of growth called papillomas, which are more commonly known as warts.
Certain types of HPV may cause warts on or around the female and male genital organs and in the anal area. These are called low-risk types of HPV because they are seldom linked to cancer. Other types of HPV are called high-risk types because they are strongly linked to cancers, including cancer of the cervix, vulva , and vagina in women, penile cancer in men, and cancers of the anus , mouth, and throat in both men and women.
Infection with HPV is common, and in most people the body can clear the infection by itself. Sometimes, however, the infection does not go away and becomes chronic. Chronic infection, especially when it is caused by certain high-risk HPV types, can eventually cause certain cancers, such as cervical cancer. Although there is currently no cure for HPV infection, there are ways to treat the warts and abnormal cell growth that HPV causes.
Also, HPV vaccines are available to help prevent infection by certain types of HPV and some of the cancers linked to those types. For more information on this topic, see HPV.
Several factors related to your sexual history can increase the risk of cervical cancer. The risk is most likely affected by increasing the chances of exposure to HPV. When someone smokes, they and those around them are exposed to many cancer-causing chemicals that affect organs other than the lungs. These harmful substances are absorbed through the lungs and carried in the bloodstream throughout the body. Women who smoke are about twice as likely as those who don't smoke to get cervical cancer.
Tobacco by-products have been found in the cervical mucus of women who smoke. Researchers believe that these substances damage the DNA of cervix cells and may contribute to the development of cervical cancer.
Smoking also makes the immune system less effective in fighting HPV infections. The immune system is important in destroying cancer cells and slowing their growth and spread. In women with HIV, a cervical pre-cancer might develop into an invasive cancer faster than it normally would.
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