Dunlop had been a school cadet, and he continued his part-time army service until , when his service ceased under pressure from his pharmacy studies.
He re-enlisted in and was commissioned into the Australian Army Medical Corps on 1 July with the rank of Captain. The distinguished medical mentors Dunlop met in London for example Professor Grey-Turner and Sir Thomas Dunhill impressed him with their total dedication to their profession, and he resolved to emulate their example. While in Britain Dunlop also developed a wide network of socially elevated and influential people. He remained with this unit as senior surgeon and second in charge and subsequently served with them in Tobruk.
Here he was promoted to temporary Lt Colonel on 26 February He was in command of No. Australian prisoners of war on Java under Dunlop's command were transferred later that year to Singapore. Here Dunlop clashed with Lt Colonel Galleghan commander of the 8th Australian Division troops in Changi over Dunlop's authority as a non-combatant commander. He remained there until the war ended, labouring tirelessly to save wounded, sick and malnourished men. Many times he put his own life at risk as he stood up to the brutality of his Japanese captors.
Though not the only medical officer to act in this selfless way, his name was to become a legend among Australian prisoners of war and an inspiration for their own survival. Throughout his captivity and at great personal risk Dunlop recorded his experiences in his diaries. On 27 September Dunlop was appointed Lt Colonel. Returning to Australia in October he was demobilised on 1 February , transferring to the Reserve List of Officers with the rank of Honorary Colonel. Here his work was driven by a desire to obtain a level of justice for former prisoners of war.
They subsequently had two sons, John and Alexander. In February Dunlop resumed his medical and established a thriving private practice. Obliged by age to retire from the Royal Melbourne Hospital in , Dunlop continued to practise medicine and was appointed medical officer for the British Phosphate Commission from to He was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel in February and given command of No.
When the island fell to the Japanese Dunlop became a prisoner of war. After being imprisoned on Singapore, Dunlop left for Thailand on 20 January For the rest of the war he worked as a medical officer on the Burma Thailand railway.
The men under his charge suffered under primitive conditions and Dunlop became famous for his care of the ill and his willingness to place himself at risk, despite being unwell himself. Dunlop survived captivity, had his temporary promotion confirmed, and was demobilised in February after which he transferred to the reserve with rank of honorary colonel. In November he had married Helen Ferguson, to whom he had become engaged early in the war and in established a private medical practice.
Over the ensuing years Dunlop received many honours and appointments. He was made a fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in and was appointed senior consultant at the Royal Melbourne Hospital from which he retired in At the same time he worked with former prisoners of war and led commemorative tours to the Burma-Thailand railway.
Dunlop died in Melbourne on 2 July and his funeral was attended by more than 10, people. Bridges are structures built over railroad tracks, roads, rivers or some other obstacle. They allow people or vehicles to cross from one side to another.
Bridges must be built strong enough to safely support their own weight as well as the weight of the people and vehicles that pass over it. First they blocked off the water around where they were going to dig and build using what are called Cofferdams or Caissons made of pile driven wood or stone and pumped out by bucket, dug the foundation and built to the water line and then removed the temporary structure.
When humans started building bridges, they built them in simple form out of cut wooden logs or planks, stones, with a simple support and crossbeam arrangement, sometimes with use of natural fibers woven together to hold materials. Upon this ground the piers of the bridge are erected. During middle ages, the cofferdam was built using several rows of logs driven into the mud. This was made watertight using mud and reinforced with sand. The arches were reinforced by putting several layers of stones over it up to the level of the bridge deck.
To use this method, builders dig a trench in the riverbed or ocean floor. They then sink pre-made steel or concrete tubes in the trench. After the tubes are covered with a thick layer of rock, workers connect the sections of tubes and pump out any remaining water. Table of Contents. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits.
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